ldealistic Journal of Advanced Research in Progressive Spectrums (IJARPS) eISSN– 2583-6986

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Reducing Income Inequality: Review

Basiru Usman Sulaiman, Ufwalai Amos Malan, and Nenfort Eliezer — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Fiscal policy is a critical tool for addressing income inequality and promoting social equity. This review evaluates the effectiveness of fiscal measures, including progressive taxation, government spending, and social welfare programs, in reducing income disparities. Key instruments include progressive taxation and targeted subsidies, while investments in public goods like education, healthcare, and infrastructure promote upward mobility and reduce structural inequalities. Income-based tax brackets have proven effective in shifting resources from higher-income to lower-income groups, directly addressing disparities and fostering economic balance. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, integrating empirical data analysis with theoretical frameworks like welfare economics and public finance theories. Challenges such as tax evasion, regressive tax structures, and inefficient resource allocation limit the full impact of fiscal policies. The study emphasizes the importance of effective implementation, political will, and robust institutional frameworks for the success of fiscal measures. Policy recommendations include enhancing tax compliance mechanisms, ensuring transparency in public spending, aligning fiscal policies with social equity goals, and fostering international collaboration to combat tax avoidance.

Keywords:- Fiscal policy, income inequality, progressive taxation, social equity, redistribution.

Evaluating the performance of climate models in simulating extreme weather Events

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Accurate simulation of extreme weather events is critical for understanding and mitigating the impacts of climate variability and change. This study evaluates the performance of multiple climate models in capturing the intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution of extreme weather phenomena, including heatwaves, heavy precipitation, and tropical storms.

A comprehensive dataset of observed weather records and reanalysis data was used as a benchmark for validation. Statistical metrics, such as bias, root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficients, were employed to assess the models' ability to replicate observed patterns. Results indicate significant variability in model performance across different geographic regions and event types, highlighting the importance of tailored model selection for regional climate impact assessments. Additionally, the study underscores the need for improving parameterizations of atmospheric processes to enhance predictive accuracy. This evaluation provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers aiming to develop robust adaptation and mitigation strategies.

Keywords: Extreme weather, climate model evaluation, model bias, predictive accuracy, regional climate impacts, atmospheric processes, adaptation strategies.

भारत-यूक्रेन संबंधः महत्व और चुनौतियां

डा0 अरविन्द कुमार शुक्ल — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

भारत और यूक्रेन के संबंध ऐतिहासिक, राजनीतिक, आर्थिक और रणनीतिक दृष्टिकोण से महत्वपूर्ण हैं। शीतयुद्ध के बाद से दोनों देशों के बीच सहयोग विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में विकसित हुआ है, विशेष रूप से रक्षा, व्यापार, विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी में। हाल के वर्षों में रूस-यूक्रेन युद्ध के चलते भारत-यूक्रेन संबंधों में नई चुनौतियाँ और अवसर उभरे हैं। यह शोध पत्र भारत-यूक्रेन संबंधों के महत्व, ऐतिहासिक परिप्रेक्ष्य, वर्तमान परिदृश्य, और भविष्य की संभावनाओं का विश्लेषण करता है।
कीवर्ड- भारत-यूक्रेन संबंध, द्विपक्षीय व्यापार, भू-राजनीति, रक्षा सहयोग, रूस-यूक्रेन युद्ध, कूटनीति

Assessing the impact of marital status on the staying length : empirical investigations from Algerian tourists

Dr. Chems Eddine BOUKHEDIMI1 — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explored the influence of tourists' marital status on their staying length for tourism. Based on online survey of 168 respondents from Algeria, during June 24, 2023, to January 27, 2024, and using chi-square test, it has been found that no significant marital status differences in (p-value: 0.49 > 0.05) is achieved.

Keywords: Domestic tourism; Tourists; Algeria, Chi square test; SPSS.

Decoding the Hidden Cross-Talk Between the Microbiome and the Immune System

Rabi Muhammad bashiir1, Yazid Munkaila1, and Auwalu haladu1 — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The interactions between the development of autoimmune diseases involve complex genetics predisposition, environmental trigger, and immune dysregulation. Microbiota is shown to play a major role in shaping immune responses and recent research has consistently demonstrated the significant interplay between microbiota in gut, skin, and oral microbiomes and disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes as well as inflammatory bowel disease. Both mechanisms of molecular mimicry as well as dysbiosis induced inflammation and microbial metabolites that affect immune signaling are explored here. It also discusses novel therapies aimed at targeting the autoimmunity through microbiota targeted therapies, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, among others, in dealing with autoimmune disease. The possibility to learn something from host versus microbe interaction may provide new precision medicine approaches for treating and preventing autoimmune disease.

Keywords: Microbiome Dysbiosis, Autoimmune Disease Pathogenesis, Host-Microbe Interactions, Immune System Modulation, Microbial Metabolites and Immunity

Management of Health through exercises for ILD Patients

Dr. Vivekananda Dey — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a group of lung disorders characterized by inflammation and scarring of the lungs, leading to impaired lung function and exercise capacity. Physical exercise has been recognized as an integral component in the management of ILD, promoting respiratory muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, and overall physical well-being. This research paper investigates the role of exercise in the management of health for ILD patients, focusing on the types of exercises, intensity, duration, and frequency that are most beneficial for this population. The study explores the physiological benefits of exercise for ILD patients, such as improved oxygen uptake, reduced breathlessness, enhanced quality of life, and better functional capacity. Additionally, the paper examines the challenges and considerations in designing exercise programs tailored to the specific needs and limitations of ILD patients, including safety measures, progression protocols, and patient education. By conducting a thorough review of existing literature, clinical guidelines, and exercise intervention studies, this research aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for healthcare providers, rehabilitation specialists, and patients themselves on how to effectively manage ILD through structured exercise programs. Ultimately, the findings of this study contribute to enhancing the understanding and implementation of exercise as a therapeutic modality in the comprehensive care of ILD patients.

Key Words: Interstitial, Scarring, Exercise, Fitness, Etc.

Role Of Buddhism In The Revival Of 2nd Phase Of Urbanisation And Trade In Ancient India

Dr. Anil Kumar1 — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Buddhism played a significant role in the re-emergence of urbanization and trade in ancient India. Following the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization (1st phase of urbanisation) and ruralization, the emergence of Buddhism in the 6th century BCE contributed significantly to economic resurgence (Revival of progressive trade) and urban renewal (2nd Phase of urbanisation). The monastic order established by the Buddha’s sangha revived old trade routes and also established new ones, supporting the flow of goods, people, capital, and ideas between surplus and deficit regions. Buddhist monasteries (viharas) became economic hubs, supporting traders/merchants and pilgrims. D.D. Kosambi highlighted how viharas, besides being spiritual upliftment centers, also acted as a major consumers of goods and even provided capital to traders/merchants. Numerous Archaeological evidence, such as Roman amphorae at Devnimori and distillation apparatus at Pushkalavati, indicates vihara's role in trade. Buddhism’s liberal and democratic social framework, as noted by H.P. Ray made it more guilds-friendly than Brahmanism. Balkrishna Govind Gokhale argues that early Buddhism thrived due to urbanization and commerce, particularly in cities like Savatthi, Rajagaha, and Kosambi. These urban centers, with merchant/traders shrenis-guilds and punch marked and metallic coin-based transaction system, provided a base for Buddhist growth.

However, once land-based and monarchy-dominated feudalism was introduced it resulted in the decline of urbanism and commerce which doomed the fate of Buddhism. The Buddha’s frequent preaching in cities (Savatthi (Shravasti, Uttar Pradesh) was the most cited city (593 times), a major trade hub supported by Anathapindika. Rajagaha (Rajgir, Bihar), capital of Magadha, was mentioned 140 times and patronized by King Bimbisara. Kapilavatthu (Kapilvastu, Nepal/Uttar Pradesh), Buddha’s birthplace, had limited trade significance. Vesali (Vaishali, Bihar) was a major trade and political center. Kosambi (Kosam, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh) connected Kosala and Magadha, mentioned 15 times. Ujjeni (Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh), a vital trade route, was home to key disciples. Campa (Champa, Bhagalpur, Bihar), a commercial city, traded with the Malayan Peninsula) rather than villages reflects the religion’s deep connection with commercial life. Buddhism’s role in trade extended beyond India through the Silk Road and maritime routes, linking it with China (Dunhuang), Southeast Asia (Angkor, Borobudur), Sri Lanka (Anuradhapura), Central Asia (Bamiyan, Samarkand), Persia, and East Asia (Nara, Gyeongju).

Keywords:- Buddhism and Economic Revival, Urbanization in Ancient India, Buddhist Trade Routes, Monastic Economy and Commerce, Buddhist Merchant Guilds , Silk Road and Buddhism

ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS

Dr. Vijay Yadav & Ku. Sushma Tiwari — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper examines the evolution, implementation, and effectiveness of anti-corruption legal frameworks in India. The study analyzes principal legislation including the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (as amended in 2018), the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, and the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988. Through critical examination of these laws, their enforcement mechanisms, landmark judicial pronouncements, and comparative analysis with international anti-corruption frameworks, this paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of India’s anti-corruption regime. The findings suggest that while India has developed a comprehensive legal framework to combat corruption, significant challenges persist in terms of implementation, institutional capacity, and political will. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving the effectiveness of India’s anti-corruption laws and enhancing transparency and accountability in public governance.

Keywords: Corruption, Prevention of Corruption Act, Lokpal, Public Accountability, Governance, India

The Role of Mass Media in Promoting Cultural Heritage in Kano State

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The mass media plays a critical role in the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage, particularly in regions rich in historical and cultural significance. This study explores the role of mass media in promoting cultural heritage in Kano State, Nigeria. With its deep-rooted traditions, customs, and historical landmarks, Kano represents a unique case for examining how media platforms—such as television, radio, newspapers, and social media—serve as agents of cultural dissemination and preservation. Through qualitative research, including interviews with media practitioners and cultural experts, the study highlights the challenges and opportunities the media faces in promoting Kano’s cultural heritage. Findings reveal that while mass media significantly contributes to the awareness and appreciation of cultural values, there are barriers such as limited resources, cultural misrepresentation, and audience engagement. The study emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts between the government, media institutions, and cultural organizations to enhance the media's effectiveness in safeguarding Kano’s rich cultural legacy for future generations.

Keywords: Mass Media, Cultural Heritage, Kano State, Media Promotion, Cultural Preservation

Social Inclusion of Tribals and Their Contribution to Value Education in Indian Society

Girish Chandra Behera & Pranati Priyadarshini — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Social inclusion of tribal communities in India is essential for fostering an equitable society that values diversity and cultural heritage. Despite constitutional safeguards and affirmative action policies, tribals continue to face socio-economic and educational challenges that hinder their full participation in mainstream society. This paper explores the significance of social inclusion in empowering tribal communities and highlights their contributions to value education. Tribal traditions, folklore, and ethical practices enrich moral education, environmental consciousness, and communal harmony, offering valuable lessons for contemporary society. By integrating tribal knowledge systems into formal education and policy frameworks, India can promote a more inclusive and holistic approach to value education. The study also discusses strategies for bridging the gap between mainstream society and tribal populations through inclusive policies, education, and community-based initiatives.

Keywords: Social inclusion, tribals, value education, indigenous knowledge, cultural heritage, education policy, community empowerment, environmental ethics.

Review on millets, with a focus on their nutritional benefits, agricultural significance and role in addressing global food security

Nisha Verma & Rajeev Kumar Yadav — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Millets, a group of small-seeded grasses belonging to the Poaceae family, have been cultivated for thousands of years. Historically regarded as a staple food in many parts of Asia and Africa, they are now being rediscovered globally due to their resilience, high nutritional value, and potential to address food security challenges. With increasing interest in sustainable agriculture and nutrition, millets are gaining recognition for their contributions to both food systems and health outcomes. Millets represent an important and often underutilized crop that holds great promise for improving global food security, enhancing nutrition, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Their resilience to drought, nutritional value, and low input requirements make them an ideal crop for addressing the challenges of climate change, food insecurity, and malnutrition. With increasing awareness and support from both governments and international organizations, millets could play a central role in building a more sustainable and nutritious global food system. Expanding millet cultivation, improving agronomic practices, and enhancing market demand will be key steps in realizing their full potential.

Key words – Millets, small-seeded grasses, Food Security

The Role of Nuclear Energy in a Sustainable Future: Benefits and Risks in Addressing Climate Change

Vinod Kumar Verma — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Nuclear energy is a type of energy that is emitted by an atom's nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons. Nuclear power plays an important role in addressing the global climate problem. It already accounts for one-third of all low-carbon power produced in the globe. Nuclear power provides a consistent, dependable source of power, and its usage can assist to minimize greenhouse gas emissions while meeting the requirements of the world's rising population, particularly in developing nations. However, the use of Nuclear Energy at a wide scale for the production of clean energy is looked at from dual lens i.e. its role in clean energy transition and the legal and disruptive risk it possesses. This research article aims to define what Nuclear Energy is, the legal frameworks governing the production, transmission and other relevant laws and treatise. Further this research paper also provides policy recommendations for strengthening the role of nuclear energy in the energy transformation taking into consideration contemporary framework regarding the nuclear energy globally.

Key words – Nuclear energy, Climate change, Sustainable development, Low-carbon energy, Energy transition, Nuclear safety, Radioactive waste, Greenhouse gas emissions, Environmental risks, Clean energy solutions

आधुनिक परिवेश में युवा पीढ़ी के दायित्वः सोशल मीडिया, शिक्षा और

श्रीमती जया सिंह1 — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

वर्तमान डिजिटल युग में सोशल मीडिया, शिक्षा और सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तन का युवा पीढ़ी पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ा है। यह शोध पत्र इस बात की पड़ताल करता है कि कैसे सोशल मीडिया युवा मानसिकता, शिक्षा प्रणाली और सांस्कृतिक मूल्यों को प्रभावित कर रहा है। अध्ययन में यह भी विश्लेषण किया गया है कि इन प्रभावों के संदर्भ में युवा पीढ़ी की क्या जिम्मेदारियाँ बनती हैं। शोध निष्कर्षों के आधार पर यह सुझाव दिया गया है कि युवाओं को जागरूक और उत्तरदायी नागरिक बनने के लिए तकनीकी साधनों का विवेकपूर्ण उपयोग करना चाहिए।
मुख्य शब्दः सोशल मीडिया, शिक्षा, सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तन, युवा पीढ़ी, उत्तरदायित्व

Youth and Cultural Shift: Impact on Social Responsibilities

Rabi Singh — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The contemporary era has witnessed rapid cultural shifts driven by globalization, technological advancements, and social media. These changes have significantly impacted youth, shaping their values, behaviours, and social responsibilities. This paper explores the relationship between cultural transformation and youth social responsibilities, analysing how shifting norms influence their engagement in civic duties, ethical decision-making, and communal participation. In the context of youth and cultural shifts, modernization has accelerated changes in values, responsibilities, and social roles, influencing how young people engage with civic duties, work, and ethics. Yogendra Singh, a prominent Indian sociologist, has contributed significantly to the understanding of Indian society and its transformation in the context of modernization, that modernization is not a homogenizing force that leads to the erosion of cultural diversity, but rather a complex and multidimensional process that interacts with and transforms traditional structures in unique ways.

Social responsibility refers to the ethical obligations that individuals or organizations have towards society. Today’s youth is well aware of their social responsibility towards society, and they are taking up initiatives to make positive changes. This research paper aims to explore the impact of social responsibility in today’s youth. This research paper will also investigate the importance of social responsibility and why it is essential to inculcate it in today's youth. The study aims to determine the level of social responsibility among the youth and examine the impact of social responsibility on their well-being and societal development. It also looks at how social responsibility can be nurtured among the youth and how it can be used as a tool for personal growth and community development.

Keywords: Social Responsibility, Ethical Decisions, Modernization, Cultural Shift.