The Role of Energy Literacy in Advancing Renewable Energy Adoption for India’s Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

The energy sector of India is facing the double challenge of rising energy demands and transition from conventional energy resources to sustainable energy systems to align with the SDG 7-affordable and clean energy and SDG 13-climate action. This paper investigates the critical role of energy literacy-energy generation, consumption, misuse, conservation, and clean energy opportunities in bridging the gap between current energy practices and sustainable clean energy solutions.  Despite being the world's third energy consumer India is still dependent on conventional energy sources like coal, fuel, oil and natural gas. These sources have accelerated India’s economic growth; they also promoted environmental degradation and increased greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. Although India has started promoting renewable energy resources like solar, biomass and wind energy, there is a lack of energy awareness. Energy literacy is an understanding of energy resources, mindful consumption patterns, environmental impacts, sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives, sustainable behavioural changes like adapting clean energy technology and reducing wastage. Many challenges such as limited awareness, educational gaps, and socioeconomic barriers hinder progress. To address these issues, a multi-faceted approach is proposed, including education and awareness campaigns, community engagement, policy support, technological innovation, and behavioural change initiatives. The article suggests that fostering energy literacy is crucial for India to achieve SDG7 and a sustainable energy future. Collective actions like reformed government policies, sustainable business plans and energy educated society is essential for a clean energy transition in India.

Key Words: Energy literacy, sustainable development, renewable energy, environment.