Climate Justice in India: Addressing the Impact of Climate Change on Vulnerable Populations

Abstract

  This study assesses the impacts of climate change on water resources across various regions of India, focusing on the challenges of water security. Key objectives include evaluating changes in precipitation patterns, glacial melt, and groundwater recharge, alongside exploring adaptation strategies. The analysis encompasses North-western India, the Deccan Plateau, the Eastern Coastal Plains, and the Himalayan Region, each exhibiting unique climatic and socio-economic vulnerabilities. Data from 2000 to 2023 highlights significant trends: North-western India faces the highest average temperature increase (1.8°C) and a critical reduction in rainfall, leading to severe groundwater depletion and crop yield reductions of 40%. The Eastern Coastal Plains have experienced increased rainfall, resulting in flooding risks. Adaptation strategies such as rainwater harvesting, water conservation measures, flood management systems, and sustainable land use practices are evaluated for effectiveness, ranging from 65% to 80%. However, each strategy encounters specific challenges, including funding constraints and the need for community participation. The findings emphasize the urgent need for tailored interventions to address water insecurity, ensuring sustainable management of water resources. Collaborative efforts among governments, local communities, and organizations are essential for enhancing resilience against climate impacts. This study underscores the importance of proactive water resource management in safeguarding livelihoods, public health, and supporting sustainable development across affected regions in India.

Keywords:- Climate Change, Water Security, Adaptation Strategies, Temperature Change, Precipitation Change