Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characteristics, applications, Advantages and its toxicities

Abstract

The different groups include fullerenes, metal NPs, ceramic NPs, and polymeric NPs. Size of nanoparticle lies between 1nm to 100nm. NPs possess unique physical and chemical properties due to their high surface area and nanoscale size. Their optical properties are reported to be dependent on the size, which imparts different colors due to absorption in the visible region.

Their reactivity, toughness and other properties are also dependent on their unique size, shape and structure. Due to these characteristics, they are suitable candidates for various commercial and domestic applications, which include catalysis, imaging, medical applications, energy-based research, and environmental applications. Heavy metal like lead, mercury and tin are reported to be so rigid and stable that their degradation is not easily achievable, which can lead to many environmental toxicities.

Keywords- Nanoparticles, Fullerenes, Optical, Plasmonic, Toxicity, Hard metal, Bio-imaging,