Chalcone Derivatives and Their Metal Complexes: Investigating Biological Properties,Mechanisms and Computational Implications

Abstract

Chalcones are open-chain flavonoids characterized by an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system that contributes to their diverse pharmacological activities. The structural versatility of chalcones allows substitution at multiple positions, enabling the synthesis of derivatives with improved biological efficacy. Transition metal complexation, particularly with Rhodium (Rh), Copper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni), enhances the stability, solubility, and biological potential of chalcone derivatives. This paper comprehensively reviews the synthetic approaches for chalcone derivatives, methods of metal complexation with a focus on Rh complexes, and their biological activities including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects. Mechanistic insights into their biological activity are discussed alongside computational studies such as density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking. Furthermore, the environmental and catalytic implications of chalcone-metal complexes are highlighted, emphasizing their dual role in medicinal and environmental chemistry.

Key words- Chacones, Green Chemistry, Environment, Transition Metal, Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antioxidant